Despite the importance of learning abilities and disabilities in education and child development, little is known about their genetic and environmental origins in the early school years.

• This study reports results for English (which includes reading, writing, and speaking), mathematics, and science as well as general cognitive ability in a large and representative sample of U.K. twins studied at 7, 9, and 10 years of age
• Presents new univariate, multivariate, and longitudinal analyses that systematically examine genetic and environmental influences for the entire...