"Present words as spoken text rather than printed text" is a common recommendation
for designing multimedia instructions. The book takes a closer
look at this recommendation by raising two questions: (1) How do learners
distribute their visual attention during multimedia learning? And (2) which
design features moderate effects of text presentation on perception and
comprehension? The results of five empirical studies suggest that spoken text
is only preferable under particular constraints. The learners viewing behavior
- observed via eye tracking - revealed a general preference for printed...