The Seminar on Improved Techniques for the Extraction of Primary Forms of Energy was organized by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and held at Vienna from 10 to 14 November 1980 at the invitation of the Austrian Government.* Mr. H. Sparker, a Director of the Austrian Mineral-Oil Administration (OeMV), was elected chairman of the seminar. Mr. V. Zanchev (Bulgaria), Mr. J. Medaets (Belgium) and Mr. S. Doleschall (Hungary) were elected chairmen of working meetings 1, 2 and 3 respectively. At the invitation of the Austrian Mineral-Oil Administration (OeMV), the parti...