This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th Annual International Cryptology Conference, CRYPTO 2006, held in Santa Barbara, California, USA in August 2006. The 34 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 250 submissions. The papers address all current foundational, theoretical and research aspects of cryptology, cryptography, and cryptanalysis as well as advanced applications.

The problem of privacy-preserving data analysis has a long history spanning multiple disciplines. As electronic data about individuals becomes increasingly detailed, and as technology enables ever more powerful collection and curation of these data, the need increases for a robust, meaningful, and mathematically rigorous definition of privacy, together with a computationally rich class of algorithms that satisfy this definition. Differential Privacy is such a definition. The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy starts out by motivating and discussing the meaning of differential...