Endourology has developed significantly in recent years as a result of rapid change in surgical techniques and instruments. This eighth volume in the series Recent Advances in Endourology brings together the latest clinical findings regarding various endourological treatment modalities and innovative materials. In the past 30 years, transurethral resection of prostate, bladder, and ureteral tumors has been dramatically refined. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy has emerged as a nonsurgical option for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction. Percutaneous surgery has changed...