The discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs) spurred the field of innate immunity into a renaissance after many years of neglect. Since then, TLR research has grown at an exponential rate. Taking an integrated methodological approach, Signaling by Toll-Like Receptors offers a comprehensive review of important techniques in molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry, genetics, and immunology and their critical application to the study of toll-like receptor structure, biological function, and the intracellular signaling triggered by these receptors.