Computational electrodynamics is a vast research field with a wide variety of tools. In physics, the principle of gauge invariance plays a pivotal role as a guide towards a sensible formulation of the laws of nature as well as for computing the properties of elementary particles using the lattice formulation of gauge theories. However, the gauge principle has played a much less pronounced role in performing computation in classical electrodynamics.

In this work, the author demonstrates that starting from the gauge formulation of electrodynamics using the electromagnetic potentials...