This volume of proceedings is an offspring of the special semester Ergodic Theory, Geometric Rigidity and Number Theory which was held at the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cambridge, UK, from Jan- uary until July, 2000. Beside the activities during the semester, there were workshops held in January, March and July, the first being of introductory nature with five short courses delivered over a week. Although the quality of the workshops was excellent throughout the semester, the idea of these proceedings came about during the March workshop, which is hence more...