Carbonaceous materials play a fundamental role in electrochemical energy storage systems. Carbon in the structural form of graphite is widely used as the active material in lithium-ion batteries; it is abundant, and environmentally friendly. Carbon is also used to conduct and distribute charge effectively throughout composite electrodes of supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells. The electronic conductive pathways are critical to delivering and extracting current out of the device. However, many challenges and the understanding of the role of carbon and its stability and efficiency in...

Carbonaceous materials play a fundamental role in electrochemical energy storage systems. Carbon in the structural form of graphite is widely used as the active material in lithium-ion batteries; it is abundant, and environmentally friendly. Carbon is also used to conduct and distribute charge effectively throughout composite electrodes of supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells. The electronic conductive pathways are critical to delivering and extracting current out of the device. However, many challenges and the understanding of the role of carbon and its stability and efficiency in...