This text reviews recent literature in the thermophile field written by international experts. Much is being learned from thermophiles, especially about biology at the molecular level and the genetic mechanisms that permit adaptation and survival. This book discusses protective strategies based on the resiliency of thermophiles. It also investigates molecular regulatory mechanisms, and protein synthesis. By studying this extreme example, its exaggerated response mechanisms, and its development over many short-lived generations, we can learn about diseases linked to improper protein folding,...