This text presents an up-to-date account of the research, development and applications of metallic alloys, recent research into the structure of charge materials, melt treatment and casting technologies, and their influence on the properties of melts and ingots. This research has confirmed theoretical concepts about the microheterogenous constitution of metallic melts and has made it possible to manage the quality of castings and ingots of various alloys by their special treatment in the liquid state.