This book is different from all other books on Life Insurance by at least one of the following characteristics 1-4. 1. The treatment of life insurances at three different levels: time-capital, present value and price level. We call time-capital any distribution of a capital over time: (*) is the time-capital with amounts Cl,, ..., C at moments Tl, T, ..-, T resp. N 2 N For instance, let (x) be a life at instant 0 with future lifetime X. Then the whole oO oO life insurance A is the time-capital (I, X). The whole life annuity a is the x x time-capital (1,0) + (1,1) + (1,2) + ... + (I, 'X),...