Since scientific software is the fuel that drives today's computers to solve a vast range of problems, huge efforts are being put into the development of new software, systems and algorithms for scientific problem solving. This book explores how scientific software impacts the structure of mathematics, how it creates new subfields, and how new classes of mathematical problems arise. The focus is on five topics where the impact is currently being felt and where important new challenges exist, namely: the new subfield of parallel and geometric computations, the emergence of symbolic computation...