One of the fast growing elements of the Internet is electronic commerce, which refers to the use of electronic means to conduct business transactions within or across business entities. Nearly 80 percent of all Fortune 500 companies have been doing their core business through the Internet. Many issues, and societal implications of electronic commerce, are the subjects of recent research. A supply chain consists of all the entities and activities that enable the production, distribution, and delivery of products and services to consumers. Research in designing and managing supply chains has...

Fuelled by an explosive growth of computer and information technology, telecommunications, globalization, and extraordinary theoretical advances, financial engineering, e-commerce and supply chain, have become the core activities of today's economies. Financial engineering focuses upon the fundamental principles of corporate finance and investment science such as cash flow streams, arbitrage, risk aversion, pricing of firms and finance instruments, interest rate structure, fixed income instruments duration, bond portfolio immunization, and the Markowitz mean-variance portfolio theory.