In light of decreasing feature size and greater sophistication of modern processing technology, CMOS has become increasingly attractive, pro viding low-power (at moderate frequencies), good scalability, and rail-to rail operation. For many designers, particularly those approaching VLSI from a system viewpoint, previous experience has been mainly with ratioed NMOS design, and so there is a need to buildon this experienceand make a naturaltransition into CMOS design. Indeed, there ismuch that can bebor rowed from NMOS experience, mainly centered around the techniques for creating N channel...