To STUDY the philosophy of science has always been a complex task, reaching to the methods and achievements of the sciences, to their histories and their contexts, and to their human implications. Sometimes favored by their social environment, sometimes dissenting from their Zeitgeist, the scientists have taken varying roles in the social spectrum, allied with differing interests, classes, powers, religions, evaluative outlooks. Philosophers should be interested as much in the changing social situations of science and of scientists as in the changing empirical findings and explanatory...