Direct surgery on arteries was born at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century. However, it was only during the last twenty-four years, that this new chapter of clinical surgery could be weil established, owing to diverse kinds of minds and hands. The result is that limbs, organs, functions, and lives have since then been saved in increasing numbers. We may now consider that the main impulse of this new phase is over. But the material of wh ich the chapter was built is still defective, incomplete, or inadequate, and therefore surgeons and many other men will still have to spend a lot...