The management of chronic renal failure by dialysis and transplantation has now become an established form of treatment in many parts of the world. However, these forms of treatment have brought with them problems in relation to the selection of patients, economics, clinical problems such as hypertension, encephalopathy, anaemia and renal bone disease, and psychological and social problems. The management of haemodialysis has changed over the years with developments in dialysers, vascular access and the duration of dialysis. Although the overall survival from renal trans plantation has...