This volume is a report of the proceedings of the Second International Urological Course held in the Ettore Majorana Centre in Erice, Sicily from the 4-8 November 1978. The meeting was sponsored by the Urological Group of the EORTC (European Organisation for Research in the Treatment of Cancer), the WHO Collaborating Centre for Bladder Cancer, the European Urological Association, the Italian Research Council (CNR), Italian League against Tumours, Italian Government and Regional Sicilian Government. Contributions were accepted on the understanding that the editors could make certain changes...