In May 1990, the First International Symposium on Congenital Heart Disease in Adolescents and Adults was organized in Rotterdam. During these three days' Symposium an overview of the many new problems facing the adult and pediatric cardiologist as well as the cardiac surgeon in this rapidly increasing subgroup of the adolescent and adult cardiac population was given. Chal- lenges, controversies, uncertainties and questions were presented and discussed with great enthusiasm. We are greatful that most speakers who participated in this symposium, were willing to write a chapter on their...

In May 1990, the First International Symposium on Congenital Heart Disease in Adolescents and Adults was organized in Rotterdam. During these three days' Symposium an overview of the many new problems facing the adult and pediatric cardiologist as well as the cardiac surgeon in this rapidly increasing subgroup of the adolescent and adult cardiac population was given. Chal lenges, controversies, uncertainties and questions were presented and discussed with great enthusiasm. We are greatful that most speakers who participated in this symposium, were willing to write a chapter on their presented...

The noninvasive evaluation of hemodynamics in congenital heart disease is an application for which Doppler ultrasound is ideally suited. The pediatric cardiac sonographer has used 2D and TM imaging for several years to study the structural abnormalities associated with various lesions. Pulsed Doppler, continuous wave Doppler, and more recently, color flow mapping techniques have been used to study the pathophysiology, and to make quantitative measurements thereof. To those already working in pediatric echocardiography, this book is intended to serve as a guide to the applications of the...