Bladder cancer is an international public health problem affecting millions of people in both developed and underdeveloped nations. This major urologic malignancy was one of the first cancers to be linked to occupational and environmental exposure to carcinogens. Bladder cancer is the 5^th most common cancer of American men and the 8^th most common cancer of American women. Sixty thousand new cases of the disease are diagnosed each year in the US alone; disease prevalence is high in western nations due to the predominance of the chronic relapsing form of cancer that...