The eleventh-century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the west. The reform was inaugurated by Pope Leo IX (1048/9-1054) and given a controversial change of direction by Pope Gregory VII (1073-85). This book contains the earliest biographies of Leo IX and Gregory VII, presented here for the first time in English translation with detailed commentaries. The biographers of Leo IX were inspired by his universally acknowledged sanctity, whereas the biographers of Gregory VII wrote to defend his reputation...
The eleventh-century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the wes...
