Seventy-one archaeological sites from the Mukogodo Hills and Ewaso Ng'iro Plains, dating from the Middle Stone Age to the present day, are analysed in this study which seeks to test a series of hypotheses about human adaptation in the Quaternary period in this part of Africa. In essence, Pearl places cultural change alongside environmental change and addresses four main questions: whether the landscape affected the distribtion of archaeological sites in the study area; the nature of land-use patterns in the Middle to Late Stone Age; the impact of the arrival of pastoralism on the environment;...