Fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized our telecommunication infrastructures currently, almost all telephone land-line, cellular, and internet communications must travel via some form of optical fibers. In these transmission systems, neither the phase nor frequency of the optical signal carries information only the intensity of the signal is used. To transmit more information in a single optical carrier, the phase of the optical carrier must be explored.

As a result, there is renewed interest in phase-modulated optical communications, mainly in direct-detection DPSK...

Fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized our telecommunication infrastructures currently, almost all telephone land-line, cellular, and internet communications must travel via some form of optical fibers. In these transmission systems, neither the phase nor frequency of the optical signal carries information only the intensity of the signal is used. To transmit more information in a single optical carrier, the phase of the optical carrier must be explored.

As a result, there is renewed interest in phase-modulated optical communications, mainly in direct-detection DPSK...