RandD is the single most important investment for any company or any society. Its ultimate product is an innovation. Innovations are on the other side the major propeller for the respective (socio-) economic development of the very company or society.

Management science mainly treat RandD and innovations as costs or budgets to be managed, an approach that is in stark contrast to their overwhelming importance. This and the very fact that RandD and innovation success are a by necessity a-priori unknown and thus uncertain ex-post definition is not at all being respected properly up to...

RandD is the single most important investment for any company or any society. Its ultimate product is an innovation. Innovations are on the other side the major propeller for the respective (socio-) economic development of the very company or society.

Management science mainly treat RandD and innovations as costs or budgets to be managed, an approach that is in stark contrast to their overwhelming importance. This and the very fact that RandD and innovation success are a by necessity a-priori unknown and thus uncertain ex-post definition is not at all being respected properly up to...