This third volume turns to topos theory and the idea of sheaves. The theory of locales is considered first, and Grothendieck toposes are introduced. Notions of sketchability and accessible categories are discussed, and an axiomatic generalization of the category of sheaves is given.

This book presents an up-to-date, unified treatment of research in bounded arithmetic and complexity of propositional logic with emphasis on independence proofs and lower bound proofs. The author discusses the deep connections between logic and complexity theory and lists a number of intriguing open problems. An introduction to the basics of logic and complexity is followed by discussion of important results in propositional proof systems and systems of bounded arithmetic. Then more advanced topics are treated, including polynomial simulations and conservativity results, various witnessing...

Lattice theory evolved as part of algebra in the nineteenth century through the work of Boole, Peirce and Schroder, and in the first half of the twentieth century through the work of Dedekind, Birkhoff, Ore, von Neumann, Mac Lane, Wilcox, Dilworth, and others. In Semimodular Lattices, Manfred Stern uses successive generalizations of distributive and modular lattices to outline the development of semimodular lattices from Boolean algebras. He focuses on the important theory of semimodularity, its many ramifications, and its applications in discrete mathematics, combinatorics, and algebra. The...

Here is a lucid and comprehensive introduction to the differential geometric study of partial differential equations (PDE). The first book to present substantial results on local solvability of general and nonlinear PDE systems without using power series techniques, it describes a general approach to PDE systems based on ideas developed by Lie, Cartan and Vessiot. The central theme is the exploitation of singular vector field systems and their first integrals. These considerations naturally lead to local Lie groups, Lie pseudogroups and the equivalence problem, all of which are covered in...

Stochastic processes with jumps and random measures are gaining importance as drivers in applications like financial mathematics and signal processing. This book develops stochastic integration theory for both integrators (semimartingales) and random measures from a common point of view. Using some novel predictable controlling devices, the author furnishes the theory of stochastic differential equations driven by them, as well as their stability and numerical approximation theories. Highlights feature DCT and Egoroff's Theorem, as well as comprehensive analogs to results from ordinary...

A complete survey of Grobner bases and their applications, this book will be essential for all workers in commutative algebra, computational algebra and algebraic geometry. The second volume of the treatise focuses on Buchberger theory and its application to the algorithmic view of commutative algebra. In distinction to other works, the presentation is based on the intrinsic linear algebra structure of Grobner bases, making this a state-of-the-art reference on issues of implementation.

Steven Finch provides 136 essays, each devoted to a mathematical constant or a class of constants, from the well known to the highly exotic. This book is helpful both to readers seeking information about a specific constant, and to readers who desire a panoramic view of all constants coming from a particular field, for example, combinatorial enumeration or geometric optimization. Unsolved problems appear virtually everywhere as well. This work represents an outstanding scholarly attempt to bring together all significant mathematical constants in one place.

Geometric tomography deals with the retrieval of information about a geometric object from data concerning its projections (shadows) on planes or cross-sections by planes. It is a geometric relative of computerized tomography, which reconstructs an image from X-rays of a human patient. The subject overlaps with convex geometry and employs many tools from that area, including some formulas from integral geometry. It also has connections to discrete tomography, geometric probing in robotics and to stereology. This comprehensive study provides a rigorous treatment of the subject. Although...

The book describes methods for working with elements, subgroups, and quotient groups of a finitely presented group. The author emphasizes the connection with fundamental algorithms from theoretical computer science, particularly the theory of automata and formal languages, from computational number theory, and from computational commutative algebra. The LLL lattice reduction algorithm and various algorithms for Hermite and Smith normal forms are used to study the Abelian quotients of a finitely presented group. The work of Baumslag, Cannonito, and Miller on computing non-Abelian polycyclic...

Sperner's theorem stimulated the development of a fast-growing theory dealing with external problems on finite sets and, more generally, on finite partially ordered sets. This book presents Sperner theory from a unified point of view, bringing combinatorial techniques together with methods from programming, linear algebra, Lie-algebra representations and eigenvalue methods, probability theory, and enumerative combinatorics.