Tropical forests provide refuge to some of the world's poorest communities. The increasing dependence on fauna resources due to increasing access to economic markets and the growth of human populations have left many species threatened and vulnerable to extinction. Both subsistence and commercial hunting result in the depletion of fauna, which can have detrimental effects on remaining vertebrate populations, plant regeneration and ecosystem dynamics. Before an effective management strategy can be implemented, an understanding of the culture, history and drivers behind hunting in Brazil is...