Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) refers to rural people managing and using natural resources to enhance their livelihoods. It is now widely recognized that much if the Earth's biodiversity is managed in this way, and that local communities can, and must, contribute to conserving biodiversity without sacrificing their access to natural resources. Observers and practitioners have focused on sustainable development as a means to overcome poverty in various parts of the globe.;Recently, however, the CBNRM concept has been criticized because many of these programmes have not yet...