Between the ninth and fourteenth century, hundreds of architecturally exquisite Byzantine churches, many of them adorned with beautiful frescoes, were built in the area now known as the Republic of Macedonia. The condition of these buildings has been of ongoing concern because of deterioration and destruction from forces both human and natural, including devastating earthquakes. This book summarizes the results of a four-year study to develop and test seismic retrofitting techniques for the repair and strengthening of the ancient Byzantine churches still in existence.