In December 2004 the 109th Congress passed and President George W. Bush signed the Intelligence Reform and Intelligence Prevention Act (IRTPA). M. Kent Bolton argues that IRTPA represented a change in the trajectory of U.S. national-security policy-the first fundamental, demonstrable change since the 1947 National Security Act (1947 NSA) became law creating a unified U.S. Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the National Security Council, among other entities. As the 1947 NSA presaged a new era of U.S. policymaking, so too did the IRTPA. As such the IRTPA represents an...
In December 2004 the 109th Congress passed and President George W. Bush signed the Intelligence Reform and Intelligence Prevention Act (IRTPA). M. Ken...
Since September 11, 2001, the White House--under both Bush and Obama--has pushed the envelope of taking the United States to war (without declarations), interrogating prisoners of war, spying on potential threats, and acting unilaterally. Why have these trends occurred? How has the apex of foreign power shifted, causing a sea change that has fueled a continual turf war between Capitol Hill and the White House? And perhaps most critically, what is America's role in the world now, and what should it be?
The Rise of the American Security State: The National Security Act of...
Since September 11, 2001, the White House--under both Bush and Obama--has pushed the envelope of taking the United States to war (without declarati...
