Highly predictable work is easy to support using traditional programming techniques, while unpredictable work cannot be accurately scripted in advance, and thus requires the involvement of the knowledge workers themselves.

The core element of Adaptive Case Management (ACM) is the support for real-time decision-making by knowledge workers.

"How Knowledge Workers Get Things Done "describes the work of managers, decision makers, executives, doctors, lawyers, campaign managers, emergency responders, strategist, and many others who have to think for a living. These are people who figure out...