The Istanbul guilds of the Ottoman Empire witnessed a period of profound economic and political turbulence throughout the seventeenth century. Drawing on the kadi court records of Istanbul, the author explores issues of guild organization, questions the so-called traditionalism of Ottoman guilds, and examines the ability of the guilds to negotiate with the state during times of peace, war and revolt. Not only does this study shed new light on the question of what the Ottoman guilds were and what they were capable of, but it also places the guilds of Istanbul into the wider, dynamic context of...

Classically, discrete dynamics is the study of iteration of polynomial and rational maps on the complex plane or on the Riemann sphere. The arithmetic properties for the associated dynamical system were studied by J. Silverman in his paper "Integer points, Diophantine approximation, and iteration of rational maps" (1993). Motivated by the analogy between Nevanlinna theory and Diophantine approximation discovered by C. F. Osgood and P. Vojta, M. Ru and E. Yi studied the complex hyperbolic properties for the associated dynamical systems in their paper "Nevanlinna Theory and Iteration of...