Historians from North and South America, Europe, and Africa explore how the cultures of Africans changed both in western Africa and in Brazil from about 1600 to 1850. They look at the Portuguese slave trade, fluidity and evolution of identities among slaves, and the impact of Brazil and Brazilian slaves on western Africa. Most of the 12 essays were

Long recognized as having played many important roles in the slave export trade of western Africa, foreign alcohol and its various functions within this context have nevertheless escaped systematic analysis. This volume focuses on the topic at Luanda and its Hinterland, where the connections between foreign alcohol and the slave export trade reached their zenith. Here, following the mid-1500s, an extremely close relationship developed between imported intoxicants and slaves exported, by the thousands in any given year, into the Atlantic World: first, fortified Portuguese wine and, following...