The issue of interaction of risk factors in cardiovascular disease is discussed in this text which is a collection of the scientific contributions to the 4th International Symposium on Multiple Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease: Strategies of Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiac Failure, and Stroke. The book addresses the role of simultaneous risk factors in patients. Because patients with two or more risk factors are at very high risk for developing cardiovascular diseases, special care should be taken in the choice of appropriate therapeutic intervention.