This book uses a model we have developed for teaching mathematical statistics through in depth case studies. Traditional statistics texts have many small numer ical examples in each chapter to illustrate a topic in statistical theory. Here, we instead make a case study the centerpiece of each chapter. The case studies, which we call labs, raise interesting scienti?c questions, and ?guring out how to answer a question is the starting point for developing statistical theory. The labs are substan tial exercises; they have nontrivial solutions that leave room for different analyses of the data....