The Constitution and the U.S. Arrny: The Antecedents of the Military Clauses in the U.S. Constitution by Sydney F. Wise National Security and the Intent of the Framers by Richard H. Kohn The Officer by Edward M. Coffman The Domestic Use of Force by John K. Mahon The Use of Force Abroad by James A. Barber, Jr The Courts - The Evolution of Military Justice Under the Constitution by the Honorable Walter T. Cox The Commander in Chief by Lieutenant General Dave R. Palmer The Congress by Colonel Rod Paschall

A convergence of global factors is opening new territory and presenting new security challenges for the United States in the Arctic. The sovereign nations of the Arctic region must develop and implement security measures to manage the influx of interested parties and protect both their interests and the region. National interests and policy objectives in the Arctic call for renewed political and military attention within U.S. national security efforts. Engaging the United Nations and leveraging North American Aerospace Defense (NORAD) Command and U.S. Northern Command (NORTHCOM) capabilities...

A critical component of military success is the relationship between civilian and military leaders. Most essential is the degree of rapport between the President and senior military officers during times of conflict. Effective working relations between the constitutional Commander-in-Chief and uniformed military leaders have proved an enduring challenge throughout United States history. This paper looks at the bonds between presidents and generals during the American Civil War of 1861-1865. Specifically, the study explores the professional and personal relationship between President Abraham...

At the onset of the American Civil War, senior military leaders on both sides faced a strategic environment that was permeated with volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. In no area was this more the case than in the Confederacy's Western Theater. As the principal Confederate army in the west, the Army of Tennessee bore the primary responsibility for executing the Confederacy's strategy in that theater. During four years of war, two western generals would not only command that army but also be responsible for the entire theater: Albert S. Johnston and Joseph E. Johnston. But what...

Through the prism of operations in Afghanistan, this monograph examines how the U.S. Government's Strategic Communication (SC) and, in particular, the Department of Defense's (DoD) Information Operations (IO) and Military Information Support to Operations (MISO) programs, have contributed to U.S. strategic and foreign policy objectives. It will assess whether current practice is fit for purpose in possible future operations and will argue that the U.S. Government has for many years been encouraged by large contractors to approach communications objectives through techniques heavily influenced...

This study explores the origins and implications of the "two lefts" in Latin America; the radical populism of Hugo Chavez Frias in Venezuela and the moderate left of Luiz Inacio "Lula" da Silva in Brazil. After defining radical populism and the moderate left, each leader is analyzed in turn by examining their rise to power, and their social, economic and foreign policies. Finally, the study recommends U.S. policy responses regarding Venezuela and Brazil.

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was a military and political struggle between Left and Rightwing factions in Spain. Despite the likelihood the Spanish Civil War would lead to a larger war in Europe, pro-democracy countries chartered a course of nonintervention and isolationism. It remains one of the most controversial periods in the Twentieth Century as it is often described as the dress rehearsal for World War II. First, this research paper will review the complex political environment in Spain before the war resulting in the outbreak of the Civil War. The second part of this paper will...

Both Russia and Japan have claimed the four Southern Kurile Islands, also known as the Northern Territories, since the conclusion of World War II. The territorial dispute appears to be a fairly straightforward dispute over the islands' status after their Soviet occupation in September 1945. The dispute is only between two nations, has not erupted into armed conflict, and does not have ethnic or religious dimensions. However, during the last 65 years there has not been a successful resolution. The conflict remains intractable. Resolution is important to establish fully normalized relations...

This project proposes to identify and explore the most prominent factors driving Pakistan's foreign policy and how the US can influence them to achieve its objectives in the region. The two most influential factors identified for this project are: India (sub-element: Kashmir) and Ideology (i.e., Islamic vs. Secular). This project will analyze how these factors relate to Pakistan's domestic stability, security posture, US-Pak relations, external factors (i.e., India) - perhaps influencing it to behave as it does. Once their ramifications have been explored, potential solutions will be offered...