Pastoralism has an ancient heritage in the vast natural pastures of Central Asia. These pastoral systems were profoundly altered after the incorporation of Kazakstan and Turkmenistan into the Soviet Union. Pastoralists were collectivised into state farms, building an industrialised nomadism which was highly productive while preserving elements of the pastoral systems. Independence from the Soviet Union then brought new policies which re-organised the state farms and removed state support in what has been termed the 'second revolution'. This collection traces how pastoralists have coped with...