This book contains the first English translations of The Origin of the Moral Sensations and Psychological Observations, the two most important works by the German philosopher Paul Re. These essays present Re's moral philosophy, which influenced the ideas of his close friend Friedrich Nietzsche considerably. Nietzsche scholars have often incorrectly attributed to him arguments and ideas that are Re's and have failed to detect responses to Re's works in Nietzsche's writings. Re's thinking combined two strands: a pessimistic conception of human nature, presented in the French moralists'...