Electronic commerce is here to stay. No matter how big the dot-com crisis was or how far the e-entrepreneurs' shares fell in the market, the fact remains that there is still confidence in electronic trading. At least it would appear that investors are confident in e-companies again. However, not only trust of venture capitalists is of importance--consumers also have to have faith in on-line business. After all, without consumers there is no e-business. Interacting lawyers, technicians and economists are needed to create a trustworthy electronic commerce environment. To achieve this...

In view of the practices of the Second World War, international society could no longer be under the principles of traditional international law. The United Nations was conceived to preserve peace through the execution of "no use of force." To meet the reality of wartime collaboration in each region, it adopted self-defense as the basis for individual action. The postwar international legal order has been realized through self-defense as an intermediate function between the individual and collective, as provided under article 51 of the UN Charter. Japan recovered her independence by...