Erskine Caldwell's novels Tobacco Road (1932) and God's Little Acre (1933) made the author a popular and critically acclaimed chronicler of the South but also a controversial one, due to his work's political themes and depictions of sexuality. Margaret Bourke-White, fresh from her role as staff photographer for Fortune, became the first female photojournalist for LIFE in 1936, and her iconic images graced its covers and helped solidify the magazine as a preeminent visual periodical.

When Caldwell and Bourke-White married in 1939, they were both...