This title examines the changes in the structure and operation of the Chinese coal industry from the mid-19th century to the end of the 20th century, concentrating on the years of reform. It also provides many insights into China's socio-political development.

This Brief identifies various aspects of energy challenges faced by the Chinese central/local governments, and also provides an opportunity to study how best to achieve green growth and a low-carbon transition in a developing country like China. The progress of China s carbon mitigation policies also has significant impacts on the on-going international climate change negotiations. Therefore, both policy- makers and decision-makers in China and other countries can benefit from studying the challenges and opportunities in China s energy development."

This Brief identifies various aspects of energy challenges faced by the Chinese central/local governments, and also provides an opportunity to study how best to achieve green growth and a low-carbon transition in a developing country like China. The progress of China's carbon mitigation policies also has significant impacts on the on-going international climate change negotiations. Therefore, both policymakers and decision makers in China and other countries can benefit from studying the challenges and opportunities in China's energy development.