This issue of the Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America, Guest Edited by Dr. William G. Cance, is devoted to Translational Cancer Research for Surgeons. Translational Cancer research aims to move bench research to the bedside by applying basic science toward potential therapies. This issue will present the concepts of translational research and development of targeted therapeutics, and its implications for surgeons. It will show clinical applications for surgeons regarding sarcoma/GIST, melanoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and endocrine cancer.