In 1962, Thomas Kuhne coined the term paradigm shift while arguing that human knowledge advances by quantum leaps with interspersed smaller steps. Preparation for the major advance is generally not a concerted effort by thought leaders. Rather, a few (or one) visionaries gain insights into a process and are able to definitely demonstrate the accuracy of their worldview. Often, the epiphany does not occur during the intellectual lifetime of the discoverers. Medicine has had numerous such paradigm shifts including the compelling reworking of Galen s concepts of the body. Of note, the scientific...