The early applications of MF/UF relied on cartridge filtration to protect the membranes. The success of these stand-alone membrane installations has increased interest in MF/UF membranes from utilities with a wide variety of source waters. In order to treat challenging water supplies, additional processes must be considered for pretreatment before MF/UF, both to maintain the productivity of the membrane process and to meet treatment objectives that are not met by the membranes alone To evaluate the impact of pretreatment and water quality on the membrane performance, this project was...