This volume presents research from a variety of perspectives on the enhancement of human intelligence. It is organized around five themes - enhancement via instruction; enhancement via development (over the life cycle); enhancement over time; enhancement via new constructs; and new directions in enhancement.

Three key issues are addressed:

• First, although most of the scientific research on intelligence has concerned what it is, this volume attends to the consequential societal and economic issue concerns of whether it can be increased, and how.
• Second,...

It is becoming increasingly clear that non-cognitive psychological processes are important for students school achievement, even to the point where their influence may be stronger than that exerted by the parents, teachers, or the school atmosphere itself. Non-cognitive psychological variables refer to varieties of self-beliefs and goal orientations such as anxiety, confidence, self-efficacy, and self-concept which are often seen as dispositional and motivational in nature. It is particularly important to highlight the role that confidence and self-efficacy play in school achievement, as...