The success of the European economy depends on successful city regions. However, finding the right mechanisms of governance and planning, for the successful and the less successful cities and regions, continues to be elusive. The effectiveness of the European Union, national governments and a variety of regional and local governments in mobilizing both electorates and local economies, varies from city to city and from region to region. No single model of effective city regional government in Europe can be formed.

The success of the European economy depends on successful city regions. However, finding the right mechanisms of governance and planning, for the successful and the less successful cities and regions, continues to be elusive. The effectiveness of the European Union, national governments and a variety of regional and local governments in mobilizing both electorates and local economies, varies from city to city and from region to region. No single model of effective city regional government in Europe can be formed.