Since it was introduced less than 100 years ago, analysis of the circulatory response to exercise as a measure of cardiac function has undergone remarkable development. Most recently this approach has incorporated the burgeoning technology of the last half of the 20th century to meet the physiological and diagnostic needs of scientist and clinicians. The ease of administration, economy and abundant data that characterize exercise testing for its relative staying power as the most frequently utilized noninvasive method of cardiovascular evaluation. The basic modalities of exercise...

Can we convince our youth that appreciation of the ideas that came from the past, combined with the innovations of the present, will reveal a new reality? That new concepts will make life better for us all? In the Middle Ages, there was a general belief that almost all significant ideas had come from the ancients. To be educated you had to have learned what Socrates, Galen, and other recognized sages had revealed. Although we have learned a lot from studying history, I feel that our ideas today, which lead to discoveries in science, in society and in business, as well as those in the past,...

Since it was introduced less than 100 years ago, analysis of the circulatory response to exercise as a measure of cardiac function has undergone remarkable development. Most recently this approach has incorporated the burgeoning technology of the last half of the 20th century to meet the physiological and diagnostic needs of scientist and clinicians. The ease of administration, economy and abundant data that characterize exercise testing for its relative staying power as the most frequently utilized noninvasive method of cardiovascular evaluation. The basic modalities of exercise...