Part of the Methods and New Frontiers in Neuroscience series, this text presents new research in the understanding of how the brain deals with its own body image. It provides a review of literature on the subject, and offers descriptions of state-of-the-art technical approaches. The material includes new frameworks for the conceptualization of the representational system, scientific and clinical applications that stem from these approaches based on new concepts, and a discussion of new directions for the study of the interface of the brain and the body.