The topological insulator is a new phase of matter that holds promise for a new generation of highly energy efficient electronics and highly computationally efficient information processing devices. However, it is experimentally challenging to identify topological insulators because unlike ordinary phases of matter, their properties are not described by the familiar language of local order parameters and spontaneously broken symmetries. Because conventional experimental techniques are designed to be sensitive to local order parameters, methods of measuring topological order are ...
The topological insulator is a new phase of matter that holds promise for a new generation of highly energy efficient electronics and highly comput...
