Amidst huge upheaval, energy remains of crucial economic and political importance to the MENA region. Declining oil prices, skyrocketing domestic demand, the rise of unconventional oil and natural gas production and shifting patterns of trade all put severe pressures on energy producing countries and present their policy-makers with fundamental challenges. Should MENA countries continue to provide energy at heavily subsidized prices demand will increase and there will be little margin for urgently needed energy infrastructure investments thus a decision to cut subsidies would come with...